英语动词的过去式变化规则有以下几种:
1. 一般规则:在动词原形后面加上-ed。如:walk-walked, talk-talked, watch-watched等。
2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词,直接加-d。如:love-loved, save-saved, approve-approved等。
3. 以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写辅音字母再加-ed。如:stop-stopped, plan-planned, jog-jogged等。
4. 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,将y变成i再加-ed。如:carry-carried, study-studied, cry-cried等。
5. 不规则动词没有固定的规则,需单独记忆。如:go-went, eat-ate, see-saw等。
需要注意的是,有些动词在原形和过去式形式上都是相同的,如:cut-cut, hit-hit, put-put等。
不规则动词过去式的构成
1.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。如:
begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim—swam
2.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如:drive—drove,ride—rode,write—wrote
3.改动词原形中的aw /ow为ew,变成过去式。如:
draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(动词show除外,show—showed)
4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。如:get—got,forget—forgot
5.动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式。如:feed—fed,meet—met
6.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。如:keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept
7.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。如:break—broke,speak—spoke
8.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。如:sell—sold,tell—told
9.动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。如:stand—stood,understand—understood
10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔 :t〕的过去式。如:
bring—brought,buy— bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught
11.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如:can—could,shall—should,will—would
12.把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。如:come—came,become—became
13.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。如:
hear〔hi 〕—heard〔h :d〕, say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕,mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕
14.动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如:let—let,must—must,put—put,read—read〔red〕
15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如:
am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,feel—felt,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have /has— had,hold—held,leave—left,make—made,may—might,run—ran,see—saw,take—took
不规则动词表